The aim of this research was to establish linear relations (association and prediction) and inferential relations between three constructs at different levels of psychological research –executive dysfunction(microanalysis),self-regulation(molecular level), andself-vs.external regulation(molar level), in the prediction of emotion regulation difficulties. We hypothesized that personal and contextual regulatory factors would be negatively related to levels of executive dysfunction and emotion regulation difficulties; by way of complement, non-regulatory and dysregulatory personal, and contextual factors would be positively related to these same difficulties. To establish relationships, (...) we used a retrospective,ex postfacto design, where 298 university students voluntarily participated by completing standardized self-reports. Linear and structural correlational, predictive analyses were performed, as well as inferential analyses. Results were consistent and validated the proposed hypotheses, for both association and prediction. The most important result refers to the discriminant value of the five-level combination heuristic for predicting Executive Function and External (contextual) Dys-Regulation. In conclusion: (1) both personal and contextual regulation factors must be analyzed in order to better understand the variation in executive functions and emotion regulation difficulties; (2) it is important to continue connecting the different levels of the constructs referring to self-regulation, given their complementary role in the behavioral analysis of regulation difficulties. (shrink)

Background: Heart rate variability (HRV) has been considered as a measure of heart-brain interaction and autonomic modulation, and it is modified by cognitive and attentional tasks. In cognitive tasks, HRV was reduced in participants who achieved worse results. This could indicate the possibility of HRV predicting cognitive performance, but this association is still unclear in a high cognitive load sport such as chess Objective: To analyse modifications on HRV and subjective perception of stress, difficulty and complexity in different chess problem (...) tasks. Design: HRV was assessed at baseline. During the chess problems, HRV was also monitored, and immediately after chess problems the subjective stress, difficulty and complexity were also registered. Method: A total of 16 male chess players, age: 35.19 (13.44) and ELO: 1927.69 (167.78) were analysed while six chess problem solving tasks with different level of difficulty were conducted (two low level, two medium level and two high level chess problems). Participants were classified according to their results into two groups: high performance or low performance. Results: Friedman test showed a significant effect of tasks in HRV indexes and perceived difficulty, stress and complexity in both high and low performance groups. A decrease in HRV was observed in both groups when chess problems difficulty increased. In addition, HRV was significantly higher in the high performance group than in the low performance group during chess problems. Conclusions: An increase in autonomic modulation was observed to meet the cognitive demands of the problems, being higher while the difficulty of the tasks increased. Non-linear HRV indexes seem to be more reactive to tasks difficulty, being an interesting and useful tool in chess training. (shrink)

Potencialidades y Límites de la Democracia DigitalAgradezco la oportunidad que me brinda la Universidad Bolivariana de comentar, a modo de bienvenida, este libro sobre democracia digital. La obra constituye una oportuna contribución al quehacer académico, que pone a disposición del público un material intelectual variado, bien escogido y no siempre accesible. José Ignacio Porras y Rubén Araya nos entregan un conjunto de bien seleccionados artículos que, por su variedad, deben resultar atracti..

¿Qué somos? Con esta pregunta se abre el ensayo El hombre tras los hechos, interrogándose Antonio Hermosa a sí mismo e interpelando directamente al lector, a quien alienta a reflexionar sobre las bases ético-políticas desde las que se organiza la convivencia o la justicia, desvinculando la cuestión de cualquier interpretación identitaria porque lo que está en juego es descubrir la estructura ontoantropológica del sapiens a partir de algunos documentos decisivos surgidos de la tradición occidental.

BackgroundImplementing the routine consultation of patient advance directives in hospital emergency departments and emergency medical services has become essential, given that advance directives constitute the frame of reference for care personalisation and respect for patients’ values and preferences related to healthcare. The aim of this study was to assess the levels and relationship of knowledge and attitudes of nursing and medical professionals towards advance directives in hospital emergency departments and emergency medical services, and to determine the correlated and predictor variables (...) of favourable attitudes towards advance directives.MethodsObservational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in the emergency department of a second-level hospital and in the emergency medical service. Data collection was performed from January 2019 to February 2020. The STROBE guidelines were followed for the preparation of the study.ResultsA total of 173 healthcare professionals responded to the questionnaire. Among them, 91.3% considered that they were not sufficiently informed about advance directives, and 74% acknowledged not having incorporated them into their usual practice. Multinomial analysis indicated a statistically significant relationship between the variable emergency medical service and having more favourable attitudes towards consulting the advance directives in their practical application (OR 2.49 [95% CI 1.06–5.88]; p = 0.037) and compliance in complex scenarios (OR 3.65 [95% CI 1.58 − 8.41]; p = 0.002). Working the afternoon and night shift was a predictor variable for obtaining a higher score with respect to attitudes in complex scenarios.ConclusionThere is an association between the level of knowledge that nursing and medical professionals have about advance directives and the scores obtained on the attitude scales at the time of practical implementation and in complex scenarios. This shows that the more knowledge professionals have, the more likely they are to consult patients' advance directives and to respect their wishes and preferences for care and/or treatment. (shrink)

En este trabajo se intenta localizar el lugar en el que pudo asentarse el castillo de Penna Cadiella mencionado en el Poema de Mio Cid. Para ello, se retoma la hipótesis que en su día planteara P. Guichard sobre su ubicación en la cima de la Sierra de Benicadell (Valencia-Alicante) y se aportan nuevos datos documentales y arqueológicos. Asimismo, se analiza el capítulo 371 de la Crónica de Jaime I en el cual se relata la batalla que, por su posesión, (...) libraron las tropas del rey aragonés contra al-Azraq a mediados del siglo XIII. (shrink)

La estructura convivencial: La convivencia como problema, por V. M. González-Haba Guisado. Diálogos verdaderos y diálogos falsos, por G. D. Pire.--El hecho religioso: La libertad religiosa, fundamento de la convivencia política, por P. Lucas Verdu. La religión como sistema establecido, por F. Pérez Gutiérrez. La función del escritor, por J. Maritain.--La realidad socio-económica: Sociología del cooperativismo agrario, por A. Fernández Oubiña. La alienación internacional, por C. Herreros de las Cuevas. Salario y plusvalía, por M. Rico Lara.--Las tensiones sociales: Reflexiones sobre (...) democracia y opinión, por C. Movilla Alvarez. Participación social y personalidad, por J. Ubalde Merino. El derecho natural como técnica de racionalización, por M. M. Zorrilla Ruiz. (shrink)

Ferrer, Vicent (2021)De suppositionibusEdició crítica del text llatí, traducció catalana, introducció a cura de Josep Batalla i Elena de la Cruz Vergari, traducció anglesa de Robert D. HughesSanta Coloma de Queralt: Obrador Edèndum, 793 p.ISBN 978-84-120007-4-0.

La universidad vive inmersa en un proceso de cambio impulsado por la creación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. El objetivo principal de este proceso es hacer que la Universidad contribuya a hacer de Europa el Espacio Económico más competitivo del mundo. Se quiere hacer de la Universidad un pilar de la Europa del Conocimiento. Y la Sociedad del Conocimiento se interpreta fundamentalmente en clave económica mercantilista. En la sociedad postindustrial, la principal fuente de ventaja e..

Pretendemos con este texto explorar la presencia y función, a veces problemática y contradictoria, del pensamiento orteguiano y de algunos de los conceptos fundamentales de su circunstancialismo, en su trasvase directo –vía sus reflexiones argentinas– o su trasplante críticamente mediado –vía México–, a tierras americanas. La relevancia en la promoción y justificación del pensamiento filosófico latinoamericano moderno y actual de las ideas orteguianas adquieren especial interés cuando son indagadas en los años cruciales del inicio del destierro español en México.

A virada neopragmática, crítica avassaladora da função fundante dos saberes autodefendida pela filosofia, radical ao ponto de incluir a própria vertente analítica de onde se originou, é, inexoravelmente, a fronteira atual do conhecimento filosófico, o golpe do movimento neopragmático à filosofia e à razão; contudo, deve ser avaliado como positivo. Ele possibilitou o retorno à consciência das matrizes conceituais genuínas desse saber ao apontar as propostas de superação do impasse: naturalismo estrito, naturalismo fraco, idealismo objetivo, contextualismo. Contribuíram, inquestionavelmente, para esse (...) desfecho, os estudos históricos e sociológicos da ciência pós-kuhnianos, inspirados em sua filosofia da ciência. Inserindo-se tangencialmente nesse debate, o objeto de reflexão deste estudo é contrapor o ponto de vista da sociologia da ciência ao realismo e ao idealismo. Nosso intuito é demonstrar que o construtivismo que caracteriza seu modelo de inquirição não nega, como ingênua ou maliciosamente entendem seus críticos, a função determinante da natureza na construção da ciência. A força do nosso argumento emergirá da análise realizada pelos expoentes do strong programme em sociologia da ciência, Barry Barnes, David Bloor e John Henry, no livro “ Scientific Knowledge: a sociological analysis ”, de um estudo de caso controverso da história da física: os experimentos que o físico norte-americano Robert Millikan realizou para estabelecer a carga do elétron. (shrink)

En este artículo el autor propone revisar la idea kantiana de virtud, su relación con el deber, con la razón y con el sentimiento moral: el respeto. También se revisan las ideas de santidad y perfección, como referencia para dos caras del mismo deber y su papel como orientadoras de la facultad de juzgar, demostrando el carácter unitario de la ética kantiana.

Este artigo busca ressoar um percurso de sensibilização vivido por um professor que descobre a força desestabilizadora e inspiradora da infância das crianças durante as aulas de filosofia. Ao investigar a (im)possibilidade das crianças fazerem filosofia, vemos semelhanças com a experiência de tocar violão, o qual transformamos em um personagem conceitual para nos ajudar a (re)pensar o ensino de filosofia para crianças. Ensaiamos, neste texto, formas de explorar os sentidos que se desprendem de experiências vividas entre a infância e a (...) filosofia a partir de encontros vividos em salas de aula, para encontrarmos/criarmos possibilidades de alimentarmos essa investigação ao invés de pôr fim a ela. Um exercício que nos possibilita encontrar/construir formas mais acolhedoras, sensíveis e inventivas de fazer, viver e habitar a educação entre a infância e a filosofia na escola. Deparamo-nos, assim, com ideia (conceito-corpo) de devir-violão, a qual trabalhamos a partir dos encontros com Gilles Deleuze e Jean-Luc Nancy. Vida. É disso que se trata este texto; e pesquisa, pois, no que diz respeito à educação, essas duas coisas se confundem, acontecem juntas, co-partilham percursos, são inseparáveis; do mesmo modo que não podemos separar o som do arrepio que causam em nossa pele. O texto é, antes de tudo, um convite a nos colocarmos à escuta daquilo que nos toca, não para explicar ou fundamentar nossas práticas, mas sim para descobrir e inventar sentidos: ser em-com-outros, entre educação, filosofia, infâncias e escolas. (shrink)

In this article, we analyse two basilikoi logoi by Theophylact of Ohrid addressed to the emperors Constantine Doukas (1081-1091?) and Alexios I Komnenos (1081-1118) and contest recent scholarship which traces criticism to Alexios I by the use of subversion of traditional rhetorical topoi. We do not question the presence of such subversions, but rather their function in the text. For that, they are studied in their performative contexts: ceremonial events, performative practices and the political circumstances in which their composition possibly (...) took place and when they were performed. By doing so, it is noticeable that criticism to the emperor in such situations is hardly conceivable and the inadequacies of the praises present in the texts can be interpreted as a response to already existing criticism to current imperial policy. Moreover, by comparing both orations as autonomous works, it is possible to perceive a clear shift both in the power balances in the recently established Komnenian consortium and in the relationship between Theophylact and major political player of his time. (shrink)

René Girard: Sacrifice, trad. M. Patillo y D. Dawson, Breakthroughs in Mimetic Theory, Michigan State University Press, 2011.

Con este volumen el fotógrafo Rodrigo Avilés intentó documentar las transformaciones de los recintos de exhibición cinematográfica de la capital chilena a partir del año 2000. Es un registro fotográfico que, con imágenes realizadas por el autor tanto en blanco y negro como en color, da cuenta de las reutilizaciones o desapariciones de las salas capitalinas, proponiendo con ello una lectura de la ciudad, el espacio público y el cine como industria cultural.92 cines es un ensayo fotográfico que..

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:THE MARVELOUS EXCHANGE: RAYMUND SCHWAGER'S INTERPRETATION OF THE ffiSTORY OF SOTERIOLOGY JOHNP. GALVIN The Oath-Olia University of America Washington, D.O. IN A WIDE-RANGING series of studies of disparate material, the French ethnologist and literary critic Rene Girard has proposed 'a remarkably comprehensive anthropological theory. Girard identifies imitation, which inevita.bly issues in rivalry and violence, as the decisive force in human conduct. In primitive societies,,Jacking centralized civil authority and confronted (...) with recurrent threats to survival, a fragile social order is preserved solely by discharging violence upon an arbitrarily chosen victim. According to Girard's analyses, periodic ritual reenactment of this primal event is the source of all great social institutions; the "scapegoat mechanism " thus lies at the root of human culture.1 While Girard has devoted increasing attention to examining the Judeo-Christian tradition from the perspective of his anthropology,2 more thorough application of his thought to Christian theological themes has been undertaken by Raymund Schwager, a Swiss Jesuit professor of dogmatics at the University of Innsbruck. In a book published in 1978, Schwager argued that Girard's theory offers a useful framework for addressing various biblical issues (the pervasiveness 1 Cf. especially Violence and the Sacred (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1977) ; Des choses cachees depuis la fondation du monde (Paris: Grasset & Fasquelle, 1978); The Scapegoat (Baltimore: John Hopkins, 1986). For discussion of the bearing of Girard's thought on biblical issues cf. Robert North, "Violence and the Bible: The Girard Connection," OBQ 47 (1985), 1-27. 2 Cf. esp. Des choses cachees depuis la fondation du monde, pp. 163-304. 675 676 JOHN P. GALVIN of violence in the Old Testament; the diversity of Old Testament depictions of God; the prophetic critique of sacrifice; and the salvific significance of Jesus' public life and death) which have pvoven intractable from other perspectives.3 Since the appearance of that work, he has extended his testing of the theological value of Girard's thought, chiefly through publication of a series of ten articles in the Zeitschrift fur katholische Theologie on major figures and themes from the history of soteriology. These essays, always conceived as an integral whole, have now been gathered in a single volume; as a unit, they form a significant account of the history of Christian thinking on a central theological topic.4 Sohwa;ger devotes his first six studies to the patristic period. His historical survey begins with an examination of the contrasting soteriologies of Marcion and Irenaeus, under the title " The God of the Old Testament and the God of the Crucified " (pp. 7-31). Marcion's questioning of the inner unity of the Old Testament 1 and the apostolic writings led him to reject the Old Testament as the revelation of a creator God of rigorous justice, far inferior to the God of love manifest in Jesus Christ. Corruption of Christ's teachings by his disciples led to the calling of Paul, who alone preached the gospel in pure form. Marcion 1 therefore assembled a canon of Pauline writings (minus alleged regressive intevpolations) rand reconstructed f:vom Lu~e what he judged to he the sole authentic written gospel, one communicated directly to Paul hy Christ. In opposition to such Gnostic thought, Irenaeus rejected any dualism in the understanding of creation and :vedemption and a Brauahen wir einen Siindenbook?: Gewalt und ErlOsung in den biblisohen Sohriften (Munich: Kosel, 1978); an English translation has recently been published: Must There Be Scapegoats?: Violenoe and Redemption in the Bible (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1987). For presentation and discussion of this stage of Schwager's work cf. John P. Galvin, "Jesus as Scapegoat?: Violence and the Sacred in the Theology of Raymund Schwager," Thomist 46 (1982), 173-194. 4 Der wunderbare Tausoh: Zur Gesohichte und Deutung der ErlOsungslehre (Munich: Kosel, 1986). Pp. 327. DM 34.00. RAYMUND SCHWAGEll AND SOTERlOLOGY 677 consequently defended the unity of the two testaments. Their distinct economies of salvation result from a wise divine pedagogy, ev;er attentive to different stages in the gradual maturation of the human raee. The Old Testament is a preparation for the recapitulation of all things in Christ; it should be understood typologically, iby reference to its... (shrink)

The authors respond to a letter by Mitchell Berger in the March‐April 2024 issue of the Hastings Center Report concerning their essay “Securing the Trustworthiness of the FDA to Build Public Trust in Vaccines.”.

La complejidad de los desafíos que plantea el siglo XXI interpelan a la innovación, especialmente en el ámbito pedagógico, por su presencia, relevancia y potencialidad para la generación de soluciones, formas de acción y formación que sean asumibles por la ciudadanía, principalmente quienes están inmersos en su proceso educativo. Por ello, este trabajo tiene la finalidad de proponer las metodologías activas como medios idóneos para implementar la innovación educativa centrada en los procesos sociales, que ponga a las personas al centro (...) del fenómeno, como seres en formación y, asimismo, como creadores y mantenedores de innovaciones promotoras de bienestar. Inicialmente, se esbozan las dificultades del esfuerzo de renovación pedagógica, en algunos de sus textos y momentos fundamentales, para responder a los retos y amenazas que enfrentan las sociedades contemporáneas, discutiéndose algunas nociones relevantes de teoría y filosofía de la educación. Seguidamente, esta aportación trata de sumarse a las reflexiones en curso sobre filosofía de la innovación, como disciplina en germen, que debe a su vez vincularse con una propuesta para una filosofía de la innovación educativa. Se pretende a continuación problematizar, bajo estas premisas teóricas, la creatividad pedagógica y los programas de acción vinculados a la tradición del activismo y a las recientes propuestas de las Metodologías Activas de Aprendizaje, a través de la aportación del enfoque social de la innovación educativa. (shrink)

Traz os resultados das investigações levadas a efeito em função de alguns problemas centrais no campo da Bioética e Biodireito: clonagem, patenteamento genético, eutanásia, reprodução assistida e disposição do próprio corpo.

Heras-Escribano argues against the normative character of affordances from a framework that relies on a Wittgensteinian notion of normativity and the incompatibility of direct perception, ….

Rationale, aims and objectives Given the increasing prevalence of cataract and demand for cataract extraction surgery, patients must often wait to undergo this procedure. We validated a previously developed priority scoring system in terms of clinical variables, pre-intervention health status, appropriateness of surgery and gain in visual acuity (VA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).Methods Explicit prioritization criteria for cataract extraction created by a variation of the Research and Development (RAND) and University of California Los Angeles appropriateness methodology were retrospectively (...) applied to a prospective cohort of 5257 patients on waiting lists to undergo cataract by phacoemulsification at 17 hospitals in Spain. Demographic data, clinical data and data related to surgical technique were collected by trained ophthalmologists. Patients were evaluated by their ophthalmologist before the intervention and 6 weeks afterward. They also completed, by mail, the Visual Function Index (VF-14) before the intervention and 3 months afterward.Results High-priority patients experienced greater improvement in VA and HRQoL than those classified as intermediate or low-priority (P < 0.0001), even after adjusting by VA and the VF-14 score at baseline. The time to intervention was the same for high-priority patients as it was for intermediate and low-priority patients.Conclusions The priority score we developed identified patients most likely to experience the greatest improvements from cataract extraction. Use of this tool could provide a fairer and more rational way to prioritize patients for cataract extraction. (shrink)

The Covid‐19 pandemic highlighted the need to examine public trust in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) vaccine approval process and the role of political influence in the FDA's decisions. Ensuring that the FDA is itself trustworthy is important for justifying public trust in its actions, like vaccine approvals, thereby promoting public health. We propose five conditions of trustworthiness that the FDA should meet when it reviews vaccines, even during emergencies: consistency with rules, proper expert or political decision‐makers, proper (...) decision‐making and noninterference, connection to public preference, and transparency of both reasons and procedures. The five conditions provide a road map of procedural and substantive requirements, which the FDA has variably implemented, focused on ensuring appropriate influence of political interests. While being a trustworthy agency cannot guarantee the public's trust, implementing these conditions builds a groundwork for public trust. (shrink)

Muchos interpretes han tratado de establecer el carácter pirrónico o académico del escepticismo que Pascal expone y critica explícitamente en referencia al autor de los Ensayos, Michel de Montaigne, e implícitamente en relación con el Descartes de las primeras Meditaciones metafísicas, indagando en las fuentes clásicas del autor francés. Pero en estas lecturas se ha dejado de lado el origen de la caracterización polémica del escepticismo en las obras de Pascal, que no es otro que Agustín de Hipona, en su (...) diálogo Contra los académicos, y en algunos otros textos. Así pues, ilustrar los rasgos principales de la respuesta al escepticismo académico de Agustín nos permitirá tener una mejor comprensión del papel que juega la actitud escéptica en Pascal, las transformaciones que en su obra padecen los modelos clásicos al pasar por el pensamiento medieval, y aquello que de innovador tiene su propuesta. (shrink)

The SRL vs. ERL theory has shown that the combination of levels of student self-regulation and regulation from the teaching context produces linear effects on achievement emotions and coping strategies. However, a similar effect on stress factors and symptoms of university students has not yet been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to test this prediction. It was hypothesized that the level of student self-regulation (low/medium/high), in interaction with the level of external regulation from teaching (low/medium/high), would also produce (...) a linear effect on stress factors and symptoms of university students. A total of 527 undergraduate students completed validated questionnaires about self-regulation, regulatory teaching, stress factors and symptoms. Using an ex post facto design by selection, ANOVAs and MANOVAs (3 x 3; 5 x 1; 5 x 2) were carried out. The results confirmed that the level of self-regulation and the level of regulatory teaching jointly determined the level of stress factors and symptoms of university students. Once again, a five-level heuristic of possible combinations was configured to jointly determined university students’ level of academic stress. We concluded that the combination of different levels of student regulation levels and regulation from teaching process jointly determines university students’ level of academic stress. The implications for university students’ emotional health, stress prevention and well-being are established. (shrink)

This paper considers Fichte’s philosophy from the standpoint of the concept of nihilism: I contend that Fichte subordinates the emotional life to the moral imperative. After leaving Jena, Fichte would have tried to answer Jacobi’s objections, making the concept of life his central philosophical concern. This attempt at reconciling the primacy of the moral imperative and a relevant concept of life (in response to Jacobi) would allow us to understand Fichte’s philosophy in the Berlin period and, in particular, his concept (...) of the absolute. (shrink)